应用有机大环超分子结构进行CO_2的吸附与转化

Application of Organic Macrocyclic Supramolecular Structures on Adsorption and Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

吸附和转化二氧化碳不仅可以消除温室气体对环境造成的污染,而且可以实现碳资源的有效利用,已经引起了人们的普遍关注。本文从物理吸附和化学转化两方面综述了典型的有机大环超分子结构(冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃和葫芦脲)应用于二氧化碳吸附和转化方面的进展。大环超分子结构具有特定的空腔结构,能够通过自组装形成具有纳米多孔特性的超分子材料。本文概述了尺寸、形状各异的有机大环结构、衍生物及其组装材料在选择性吸附和分离二氧化碳方面的研究。同时,也介绍了有机大环超分子结构作为反应物、催化剂或共催化剂参与下,二氧化碳与胺、环氧化物、醇、酚盐等发生的化学反应,这些转化实现了化学固碳和功能材料的制备,该综述展示了有机大环超分子结构的分子识别、组装等特性在二氧化碳吸附与转化中的独特应用,并探讨了该研究领域的发展前景。

Adsorption and conversion of carbon dioxide has called worldwide attention not only due to the increasing environmental concerns,but also in view of the carbon resource utilization. The research progress on the physical adsorption and chemical conversion of carbon dioxide using organic macrocyclic supramolecular host structures,such as crown ether,cyclodextrin,calixarene and cucurbituril has been overviewed. With intrinsic cavity structure,the organic macrocyclic supramolecular hosts can further form porous materials through selfassembly. On one hand, selective adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide by the organic macrocyclic supramolecular hosts,their derivatives and porous self-assembly materials with specific size and versatile shapes are reviewed in this paper. On the other hand,the chemical conversion of carbon dioxide involves the reactions with amines,epoxides,alcohols and phenates in the presence of organic macrocyclic supramolecular host structures which act as reactants,catalysts or cocatalysts. These chemical transformations of carbon dioxide enable the utilization of carbon resource and the preparation of functional materials. The review demonstrates the unique applications of molecular recognition and assembly characteristics of organic macrocyclic supramolecular structures on the adsorption and conversion of carbon dioxide. The outlook of the research area is also provided.