金属卟啉蛋白质结合体的结构与功能

Structures and Functions of Metalloporphyrin Protein Conjugates

在生命活动中起重要作用的蛋白质和金属卟啉是典型的生物高分子和金属配合物,而且绝大部分蛋白质与金属卟啉是通过形成结合体共同发生作用的,因此,研究天然金属卟啉蛋白质结合体的结构与功能并进行人工模拟受到关注并取得了很大进展。本文在对蛋白质与金属卟啉的结构与类型进行简单介绍的基础上,综述了金属卟啉与蛋白质的天然结合体,如细胞色素P450、过氧化物酶、血红蛋白、肌红蛋白及脑红蛋白等。总结了金属卟啉与蛋白的人工结合体,如原卟啉、血卟啉及其衍生物与血清白蛋白的结合体;合成水溶性与不溶性金属卟啉与白蛋白的结合体。介绍了人工合成蛋白,即基因重组蛋白与合成金属卟啉的结合体,如用作人工合成血液的栏式铁卟啉白蛋白结合体。到目前为止,不但金属卟啉可以合成,而且白蛋白、血红蛋白也可以通过基因重组进行人工合成。金属卟啉蛋白质结合体已应用于制备人工血液、疾病检测、治疗,及光解水产氢等多个领域。

Proteins and metalloporphyrins are typical biopolymers and metal complexes. Their conjugates, biopolymer metal complexes are very important in vital movement. In this paper,based on introducing structures and major types of proteins and metalloporphyrins,metalloporphyrin-protein conjugates and their functions are reviewed. Firstly, natural metalloporphyrin-protein conjugates are summarized. Such as cytochrome P450, hemoglobin,myoglobin,peroxidase and neuroglobin. They are ubiquitous in organism and play an important role in the process of biological metabolism. Their structures and functions have been characterized. Secondly,artificial conjugates of metalloporphyrin-protein are reviewed. For example,protoporphyrin Ⅸ metal complexes and some meso-substituted porphyrin metal complexes had been bound into proteins. Thirdly,recombinant protein prepared by using gene recombination technology,which had bound with synthetic metalloporphyrins are introduced. The structure and function of recombinant protein are same with natural protein. They also have some advantages,such as large-scale producing and avoiding pollution. The typical conjugates,such as hemoglobin-based polymer and vesicles,recombinant human serum albumin （ rHSA） binding pocket ferric porphyrin,and protoporphyrin Ⅸ Zn（Ⅱ） complexes / rHSA conjugates,were prepared and applied in blood substitutes （oxygen carrier）,medicine （anticancer drugs）,and photoinduced reduction of water for preparing hydrogen.