组学技术在肿瘤诊断中的应用

Application of Omics Technologies in Diagnosis of Cancers

组学技术是近年来在生物医学研究领域快速发展和受到高度重视的现代技术分析手段,主要包括基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学,对肿瘤等疾病的发生机制及生物标志物的探索有很重要的价值。目前对肿瘤的早期诊断技术主要是对高危人群进行肿瘤标志物的普查,而很多肿瘤标志物的特异性和敏感性均不高,容易产生假阳性结果。这就为寻找更好的早期肿瘤诊断方法提出了新的要求,而组学技术的发展,为肿瘤的早期临床诊断开创了新的技术平台。虽然组学技术在肿瘤的早期诊断中表现了巨大的发展前景,但用于临床诊断和高危人群的筛查还有待深入研究。随着三种组学技术的不断发展,其在肿瘤的早期诊断中必将发挥重要的作用。本文重点围绕组学技术在肿瘤临床诊断中的研究及应用前景进行概述。

Over the past few years, rapid developments in omics technologies, including genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have led them to be highly regarded in the field of biomedical research for the early detection and treatment of cancer. These technologies are of great value in exploring the mechanism of tumorigenesis and discovering novel biomarkers for cancers and other diseases. The current practice of mass screenings for known tumor markers in high-risk populations has thus far been the only tool for early diagnosis. However, the specificity and sensitivity of these tumor markers are usually low, which often lead to false positives. Demand to find better methods for early diagnosis of cancers might be met using omics technology platforms, but this technology is still far from exact clinical diagnoses and screenings of high-risk groups. With further development of the three kinds of omics technologies, they will inevitably play an important role in the early＇diagnosis of cancer.