不同骨组织工程支架材料的生物安全性及性能

Biological safety and properties of different bone tissue engineering scaffolds

背景:寻找具有良好生物相容性、生物降解性、特定的可塑性以及三维多孔结构的支架材料是当今骨组织工程研究的一个重要方面。尽管目前市场上生物支架材料种类众多,但迄今尚没有找到一种最为理想的支架材料。目的:对传统的用于组织工程支架材料的天然有机分子材料、天然无机材料、人工合成有机材料、人工合成无机材料的性能、生物学效应和生物安全性以及研究现状进行综述,并对新型的多孔金属材料和纳米纤维支架材料进行综合分析,以期把握今后组织工程支架材料的研究方向。方法:应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库和Pubmed数据库。中文检索词为"骨组织工程,支架材料,多孔材料,纳米纤维";英文检索词为"bonetissue engineering,scafold,porous materials,nanofibers"。初检得到1035篇文献,中文632篇,英文403篇。阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,共保留20篇观点明确的文献做进一步分析。结果与结论:天然有机高分子材料包括胶原、纤维蛋白、壳聚糖等;天然无机材料包括珊瑚羟基磷灰石、陶瓷化骨等;人工合成有机高分子材料以聚乳酸、聚羟基乙酸及其共聚物应用最为广泛,还有聚-β-羟丁酸、聚原酸酯等;人工合成无机材料应用较为广泛的为羟基磷灰石、磷酸三钙。金属材料是目前临床骨科中应用最广泛的生物材料之一,其中多孔钛及多孔钽在人工关节方面的应用日趋成熟。纳米材料在骨组织工程中应用刚刚起步,其前景非常广阔。

BACKGROUND：It is an important aspect of bone tissue engineering that search a scaffold with good biocompatibility,biodegradability,specific plasticity and three-dimensional porous structure.Despite there are many types of commercially available biological scaffold materials,no one is defined as the most ideal scaffold.OBJECTIVE：To summarize synthetic performance,biological effects and biological security,and research progress of traditional materials for tissue engineered scaffolds,including natural organic molecules,natural inorganic materials,synthetic organic materials,and inorganic materials,to comprehensively analyze new porous metal materials and nano-fibrous scaffolds,and understand future research direction of tissue engineered scaffold materials.METHODS：Chinese Journal Full-text databases and Pubmed database were searched on computer using ＂bone tissue engineering,scaffold,porous materials,nanofibers＂ in Chinese and English as the key words.Totally 1 035 literatures were screened out,632 Chinese and 403 English.Titles and abstracts were screened,a total of 20 articles with a clear view of point were involved in the analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Natural organic polymer materials include collagen,fibrin,chitosan;natural inorganic materials include coralline hydroxyapatite,ceramic bone;among synthetic organic polymer materials,lactic acid,glycolic acid and its copolymers are most widely used,as well as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid and poly ortho ester;synthetic inorganic materials that are widely used are hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.Metal has been one of the most widely used biomaterials in clinical orthopedics,porous titanium and porous tantalum are increasingly applied in artificial joints.Nanomaterials has just started to be applied in tissue engineering,the prospects are very wide.