南海打击海盗的国际合作法律机制研究

On the International Law about the Co-operation in Combating Piracy on South China Sea

维护南海尤其是马六甲海峡的海上航道安全,对全球国际贸易运输具有十分重要的意义,中国的贸易和石油安全很大程度上取决于南海航道的安全。南海航道并不太平,海盗袭击在南海航道上时有发生,海上恐怖主义也有可能将其触手伸向马六甲海峡上行驶的过往船舶,如何维护南海航道的安全对周边国家和世界贸易具有特殊的意义。在打击海盗等破坏航运安全犯罪活动中,国际法律机制还存在诸多不足,海盗罪在联合国海洋法公约中规定的范围过于狭窄,一些周边国家还没有签署《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》,《亚洲地区反海盗及武装劫船合作协定》的合作机制也有进一步深化的必要。在未来的法律机制创建中,有必要进一步扩大海盗罪的范围,破除联合护航中的法律障碍,方便各国行使紧追权,并加强船舶追回的合作,以维护中国和周边国家的航运安全。

Security of the South China Sea Routes,especially Malacca Strait,has significant influence on international trade and transportation,as well as China＇s marine petroleum transportation and foreign trade.However,Malacca has always been a target of maritime hijacking,highly frequent maritime piracy pose navigational hazards to the South China Sea Routes.Thus guaranteeing security of the South China Sea Routes not only provides protection of coastal states but also facilitates world trade.There are many deficiencies in existing international legal mechanism which against maritime offences,such as piracy.For example,the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea＇s narrow interpreting of piracy creates difficulty for affected states to implement the convention.Also another important international maritime agreement,Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation,only has a few signatory states.Moreover,the cooperative mechanism in Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ship in Asia still remain unworkable.In order to safeguard shipping safety of China and other affected countries,it is necessary to widen piracy＇s definition of the existing legal mechanism,eliminate legal impediment in the area of joint convoy,and facilitate State exercising the right of hot pursuit,meanwhile to strengthen the cooperation of recovering hijacked ships.