运用军事措施解决海洋争端的法律问题

The Legal Problem of Settle Maringe Disputes by the Military Enforcement

"禁止使用武力或者以武力相威胁"与"和平解决国际争端"是现代国际法的两项基本原则,然而,不应由此推导出"国际法绝对禁止使用武力"的一般性结论。实践中,该两项原则与主权国家的基本权利之一——自保权之间并不存在冲突,在具备了一系列限定性要件(例如自卫)的前提下,国家有权诉诸武力解决争端。在国际海洋争端最终无法通过政治外交途径或者国际司法办法解决的极端情况下,无法排除采取军事措施解决争端的可能性。当然,在采取军事措施时应遵守武装冲突法的原则与规则,将使用武力引起的消极影响降到最低限度,以期在政治伦理层面掌握主动权,并最终在政治上和军事上均取得优势地位,达成采取军事措施保障国家利益的目的。

Prohibition on use or threat of force and peaceful settlement of international disputes are two fundamental principles of contemporary international law.However,from this one could not induct a general conclusion that use of force is prohibited absolutely by international law.In practice,there are no conflicts between the two principles with the right to self-defense that is a basic right of sovereign states.Furthermore,if a series of prerequisite conditions are satisfied（for instance,self-defense）,states are entitled to resort to armed force in disputes settlement.Likewise,under certain circumstance,where international marine disputes could not be settled via political and diplomatic channels or even through international judicial approaches,possibility of taking military measures could not be ruled out.Nevertheless,all of the principles and rules of international humanitarian law should be observed,and efforts should be made to minimize detrimental affection caused by military enforcement measures,so as to take advantages in political ethics as well as military aspect,and to achieve purpose of safeguarding state maritime rights with military measures.