东汉三辅多士的文学考察

An Literary Investigation into the Phenomenon that There Were Many Scholars in Sanfu Area in the Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉的三辅地区曾涌现出大量文人学士,这一现象历史上誉称为"三辅多士"。作为东汉文坛的一个重要文化现象,"三辅多士"的主要成因在于特殊地域所形成的文化积淀。三辅地区虽然在东汉的时代条件下,已经不是当时的政治与文化中心,但它仍然保持了浓郁的文化氛围,在它的作用之下,优越的家世,良好的教育,广泛的交游,成为三辅文士成长的重要条件。三辅文士的创作体现了积极入世精神、强烈的文学性以及以大为美的审美取向等主要特征,但在本质上,他们的创作还没有达到文学自觉的程度。三辅文士的创作对汉魏六朝文学影响很大,主要表现在京都大赋写作规范的确立、辞赋抒情传统的复兴、辞赋题材的开拓及诗歌形式上的贡献等四个方面。

There being many scholars in Sanfu area is an important literary phenomenon of the literary world in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was mainly caused by the cultural accumulation resulted in its special region. During the period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, though Sanfu was no longer the center, it still had its own cultural tension. The superior family background, good education and the large circle of friends, were the important conditions to Sanfu scholars. In some way, the cultural ac cumulation from the Western Han Dynasty was like the accumulation of the volume, while the phenomenon that there were many scholars in Sanfu in the Eastern Han Dynasty was like the change of the quality. The literary creation of Sanfu Scholars showed some main characters, such as being active in the world, having strong literariness, and regarding grandness as beauty, but their literary creation had not reached the self consciousness of literature. ＂There being many scholars＂ decided the trends of literary development, and the literary creation greatly influenced the literature of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.