小学三年级儿童英语语音规则内隐学习和外显学习的实验研究

An Experimental Research on the Third-year Primary School Children's Implicit and Explicit Learning of English Phonetic Rules

第二语言的内隐学习是内隐学习在应用方面的前沿课题。为探讨小学儿童英语语音规则的内隐学习和外显学习规律,本研究选取北京市某小学三年级学生共94名,男女各半,进行了两个实验。实验分为学习、练习和测试三个阶段,实验一操纵了视听通道变量与内隐学习和外显学习变量的组合,实验二操纵内隐学习和外显学习变量在学习阶段和练习阶段的不同顺序的组合,得出以下结论:(1)儿童在英语语音规则的学习中,通道效应显著,通过视觉通道获得的成绩显著好于通过听觉通道获得的成绩;(2)对于单词测试和完形测试而言,内隐和外显的学习效应并不显著,内隐和外显学习不同的组合顺序效应也不显著;但就这两种测试正确率的平均值而言,内隐学习的正确率最高,而且这种内隐学习的方式是先内隐学习,随后进行外显练习;(3)对于规则测试而言,不仅受内隐和外显学习的影响,而且也受内隐和外显组合顺序的影响,表现为内隐学习和外显练习、外显学习与外显练习相结合的方式最好,外显学习与内隐练习结合的方式居中,内隐学习与内隐练习结合的方式最差。

The implicit learning of the second language is a cutting-edge topic in the field of applied implicit learning. This study aims to explore the rules for primary school children＇s implicit and explicit learning of English phonetic rules,by testing 94 third-year students （the boys accounting for a half） in a primary school in Beijing in two experiments,which fell into three phases：learning,practice,and testing. Experiment I manipulated the combination of the audio-visual modalities and the implicit and explicit learning modes,whereas Experiment II controlled the combination of the implicit and explicit learning modes in varied order in the phases of learning and practice. The results showed the following：（1） As far as primary school children＇s learning of English phonetic rules is concerned,they achieved significantly higher scores on the visual modality than on the audio modality. （2） In terms of the word test and the cloze test,there was no significant effect on the implicit and explicit learning modes,or on the combination of the implicit and explicit learning modes in varied order; however,the implicit learning mode scored highest in the rate of test correctness （the implicit learning was followed by the explicit practice）. （3） The rule test was affected not only by the implicit and explicit learning modes,but also by the combination of the implicit and explicit learning modes in varied order,in that the combination of the implicit learning and the explicit practice or that of the explicit learning and the explicit practice was excellent,the combination of the explicit learning and the implicit practice was good,and the combination of the implicit learning and the implicit practice was average.