语录体与宋代诗学

Quotations and Poetics in the Song Dynasty

在宋代社会文化环境的影响下,语录体作为一种古老的散文文体,不仅焕发了新的活力,同时也对宋代诗学的发展做出了积极的贡献。语录体在宋代的流行,促成了"诗话"这一诗学批评形式的诞生;其思维方式和表达方式,对于诗话的文体特征的形成,具有直接的影响;而在杂记笔记和相当一部分理学家的著述中,也不乏语录体的诗学批评文字,它们同属于宋代诗学批评实践的重要内容,与诗话一同构成了宋代诗学的独特风貌。语录体影响下的宋代诗学,属于中国古代文学批评中诗文评点的体系,其随笔杂著式的写作和言说方式,是中国文学批评重视作品品评和史实考据传统的反映。这一传统下的文学批评,虽然与《文心雕龙》、《原诗》等理论体系完备之作相比,有其理论思维上的缺陷和空白,但它毕竟是一个具有悠久历史和强大生命力的存在,需要我们从各个方面去认识和发掘其内涵,对其意义和价值进行实事求是的判断。

Under the influence of the social and cultural environment in the Song dynasty,Quotations as a type of ancient prose style,not only radiated the new vitality,but also made positive contributions to the development of the Song dynasty Poetics.The prevalence of Quotations in the Song Dynasty contributed to the birth of the poetics criticism.The way of thinking and the expression of Quotations had a direct influence for the formation of poetry stylistic features.There are no shortage of the poetical criticism of the Quotations in the jottings,anecdotes and a considerable portion of the Neo-Confucians＇s works,all of them belonged to the important contents of the Song dynasty Poetics criticism,which together with poetry constituted the unique features of Song dynasty Poetics.The Song dynasty Poetics under the influence of Quotations belongs to the system of poetry and literature criticism in the classical Chinese literary criticism,its jotting style of writing and expressing form are the reflection of the tradition of Chinese literary criticism which emphasize the criticism on works and their historical contexts.Compared with the Wenxin Diaolong（Literary Mind and Carving the Dragon） and Yuanshi which have completed theoretical systems,the literary criticism under this tradition had its theoretical defects.However,it was,after all,one with a long history and strong vitality.We need to understand and explore its connotation from various aspects and to judge its significance and value in a matter-of-fact way.