日本民俗的“忌讳”问题摭议

Analysis of Taboo Issue of Japanes Custom

日本人生活中存在许多忌讳,主要表现在衣食住行、日常劳作、人生礼仪、民间节日等方面。这些忌讳,有的影响面极广,遍及日本各地;有的影响力较弱,只限于日本的局部地区。究其成因,有的源自宗教或民间信仰;有的是接受外来文化、尤其是中国文化影响的结果,还有的与日本人居住的地理环境、生活习惯以及日语词语的发音有关。这些忌讳,也从另一个侧面,反映了日本民族的心理结构及其文化特征。

There are many taboos in Japanese life,especially in daily life,daily labor,life rituals,folk festivals and so on.Some of these taboos extend to all quarters of Japan;others are confined to certain areas of the country.As for the sources of these taboos,some originated from religious or folk beliefs;others came from the influence of foreign cultures,especially that of Chinese culture;still others are closely related with Japanese geographical environments,habits and customs and the unique pronunciation of certain Japanese words.The taboos,in return,reflect the psychological structure and the cultural identity of Japanese nationality.