气质性乐观对护士心理健康的影响

The impact of dispositional optimism on nurses＇ mental health

目的 了解护士的气质性乐观及心理健康状况,探讨气质性乐观对其心理健康的影响,为增进护士心理健康水平提供依据.方法 采用生活定向测验修订版（LOT-R）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,对240名护士进行问卷调查.结果 未婚护士较已婚护士相对乐观[分别为（15.53±3.48）分,（14.39±2.88）分],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;护士心理症状阳性检出率为6.7%～26.5%,强迫症、人际关系敏感和抑郁为护士的主要心理症状;与中国女性组常模相比,护士SCL-90躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性因子分,总均分及阳性项目数[分别为（1.49±0.45）分,（1.70±0.42）分,（1.55±0.43）分,（1.46±0.38）分,（1.40±0.37）分,（1.50±0.35）分,（37.23±22.02）分]高于中国女性组常模,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;气质性乐观与护士心理健康水平呈显著正相关（P＜0.001）.结论 护士心理健康状况不佳,气质性乐观对护士的心理健康具有较好的预测作用,个体保持积极、乐观的心态有助于维持其心理健康.

Objective To explore nurses＇ dispositional optimism and mental health and disscuss the impact of dispositional optimism on nurses＇ mental health in order to provide evidences for promoting the level of nurses＇ mental health. Methods Adopting Revised Life Orientation Test （LOT-R） and Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） ,the researchers carried on the questionaire investigation to a total of 240 nurses. Results Unmarried nurses were more optimistic than married ones（15.53 ± 3.48,14.39 ± 2.88） ,and the difference had statistic significance（P 〈 0.01）. The positive detection rate of nurses＇ psychological symptoms was 6.7% ～ 26.5%. Compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity and depression were nurses＇ main psychological symptoms. Compared to the national female norm, the somatization, depression, anxiety, psychosis factor scores, total score and the number of positive items of SCL-90（1.49±0.45,1.70±0.42, 1.55 ±0.43,1.46±0.38,1.40±0.37,1.50±0.35,37.23±22.02）were higher, and the difference had statistic significance（P〈 0.05）. Dispositional optimism postively correlated with the level of nurses＇ mental health（P〈 0. 001）. Conclusions The general condition of nurses＇ mental health is not good enough, and dispositional optimism has good forecast function to nurse＇s mental healthy. Therefore, maintaining positive and optimistic attitude will be helpful to nurses＇ mental health.