晚清旅美华人文学的美国形象和中国形象

The American Image and the Chinese Image in the Chinese-American literature of the late Qing Dynasty

文章通过对容闳《我在中国和美国的生活》、李恩富《我的中国童年》、黄遵宪《逐客篇》以及佚名作者《苦社会》进行文本细读,梳理了晚清旅美华人文学想象美国(他者)和中国(自我)的几种模式:容闳自传中的美国和中国分别被建构为文明和落后的形象;李恩富自传中的美国和中国则分别被描述为纯粹的"异"和诗意传统的中国形象;在《逐客篇》和《苦社会》中,美国和中国则主要被表述为一个背信弃约的种族主义国家或苦难的中国形象。晚清旅美华人对"他者"和"自我"的文学想象,奠定了后来旅美华人文学想象美国和中国的几种模式。

This paper attempts to sort out several imaginary models of America and China in the Chinese-American literature of the late Qing Dynasty by reading Yung Wing＇s My Life in China and America,Lee Yanphou＇s When I Was a Boy in China and The Miserable Society by an anonymous author.Firstly,America and China in Yung Wing＇s autobiography are pictured respectively as a civilized nation and a backward one.Secondly,America and China in Lee Yanphou＇s autobiography are portrayed as an alien nation and a poetic one respectively.Thirdly,America and China in On Driving Away Visitors and The Miserable Society are described as a perfidious country of racialism and a country in distress separately.The literary imagination of ＂the other＂ and ＂oneself＂ on the part of Chinese residents in America in the late Qing Dynasty has established several models of America and China in the Chinese-American literature of later eras.