一九五三年至一九七八年工业化战略的选择与城乡关系

Choice of Industrialization Strategy and Urban-Rural Relations In the Period from 1953 to 1978

改革开放前中国城乡二元结构的强化、典型化与工业化战略的选择相联系,主要是优先发展重工业的战略在"大跃进"和三线建设期间畸变为特殊意义上的片面发展重工业战略,其根源是在高度集中的计划体制下城市以全民所有制为主和农村以集体所有制为主的两种不平等的公有制。这种城乡关系的形成,另一个症结在于中国共产党对经济落后的农业大国社会主义建设规律认识不深,未能从根本上突破传统的社会主义模式。

The strengthening and typification of China＇s urban-rural dualistic structure before the reform and opening up was related to the choice of industrialization strategy.This strategy giving priority to development of heavy industries was distorted into a strategy of one-sided development of heavy industries in a special sense during the ＂Great Leap Forward＂ and the third-line construction,the root-cause of which was the two unequal public ownerships under a highly centralized planned economy-the public ownership as the mainstay in cities and the collective ownership as the mainstay in the countryside.The other main reason for this kind of urban-rural relationship to take shape was that the CPC did not have an in-depth understanding of the laws governing socialist construction in a big economically backward agricultural country like China and did not therefore make a fundamental break with the traditional socialist model.