某铁路辖区夏季供热作业环境卫生学调查

Hygienic Investigation on Operation in Hot Environment in Summer in A Railway Area

目的了解供热作业环境各有害因素的危害情况,为作业环境有害因素的控制与治理提供科学依据。方法对辖区夏季供热作业点进行现场卫生学调查,按操作规范对有关有害因素进行强度(浓度)测定和分析。结果供热作业环境中有害因素以高温危害为主,粉尘和CO等气体威胁并存,这些有害因素的强度或浓度与作业场所建筑布局及建筑面积、生产工艺和通风情况有很大关系。结论采取适宜的生产工艺如选用优质燃煤及湿式作业和正确的通风排毒方法及地面洒水加强降温是行之有效降低有害因素危害的重要手段。

[Objective] To understand the harmfulness of factors of heating operating environment, and provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the harmfulness.[Methods]Hygienic investigation was conducted in heating operating points on summer in this area, and the intensity（density） of factors was monitored and analyzed according to operating specifications.[Results]The primary harmfulness of factors were high temperature, dust, CO and other gas existing in hot environment, and the intensity or density of those factors was in connection with the architectural layout and construction area of the building, production technology and ventilation. [Conclusion]The main measure to effectively lower the harmfulness is the adoption of appropriate production technology such as using high-quality coal and wet operation, adopting right detoxification and ventilation methods, and spraying cooling water on ground to enhance cooling.