西方古典自然法的理论形态及其意义

Western Classical Theory Forms of Natural Law and Their Significance

西方古典自然法理论的发展经历了三种形态:自然主义的自然观念、人文主义的自然观念和斯多葛学派的伦理自然法观念,这些理论形态追求和论证了特定的政治法律价值。自然主义者提出的自然公正观念包含了法律和规则意识,并与英雄式伦理相抗衡。人文主义的自然公正观念进一步要求对正义与法律作出区别,并将自然公正改造成高于法律和规则、并评判法律和规则的反思性概念。而斯多葛学派的伦理自然法理论则赋予独立的内心生活和私人生活以伦理意义,以社会伦理生活对抗国家的政治生活,从而以消极的方式捍卫个体意识和人的普遍性观念。

Classical theory of natural law in the West takes three forms in its development： the naturalistic view of the nature, the humanistic view of the nature, and the stoic ethic view of natural law. And these forms of theory search and argue for the special value of politics and law. The naturalistic view of natural equity connotes the consciousness of law and rule, against the ethics of Heroism. The humanistic view of the natural equity distinguishes equity from law, and shapes the natural equity into the reflective concept that is superior to law and rule, and makes judgment of law and rule. The stoic ethic theory of natural law endows ethic values with independent mind life and individualistic life, and opposes the social ethic life against national political life, and holds the thoughts of the individuality and universality of human being by negative way.