佛山市顺德区2008～2009年登革热流行病学特征分析及综合预防控制措施的效果评价

Analysis on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Fever and the Effect Evaluation on Comprehensive Measures of Prevention and Control in Shunde District of Foshan Municipal, 2008～2009

目的分析佛山市顺德区2008～2009年登革热流行病学特征,评价综合预防控制措施的效果,为今后有效预防控制登革热疫情提供依据和实践经验。方法应用流行病学方法调查分析登革热疫情的流行病学特点,用酶联免疫吸附试验检测疑似病例和病例密切接触者的登革热IgM/IgG抗体,用布雷图指数和病例数评价所采取预防控制措施的效果。结果 2008年佛山市顺德区发生Ⅰ型登革热流行,8月3日～11月1日共发现34例,隐性感染者7例,疫情高峰出现在10月,病例主要集中于乐从、大良、龙江镇(街),发病人群以青壮年为主。通过隔离病人、治理环境、杀灭成蚊和幼虫、清除积水等综合预防控制措施,疫情在较短时间内得到有效控制。2009年初采取以创建卫生示范小区为主题的活动更是取得明显成效,发生疫情的镇(街)布雷图指数分别由2008年发生疫情时的37.04、33.44、72.59分别降至0.96、2.12、1.47,差异有统计学意义(χ2=169.11,P<0.01),2009年全区未出现登革热疫情。结论采取综合预防控制措施可取得显著效果;主动采取预防控制措施能降低处理成本,取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of dengue fever in Shunde district and provide scientific basis and practical experiences for prevention and control measures of dengue fever in 2008 ～ 2009. Methods Descriptive epidemiology investigation was conducted. ELISA test method was used for detecting IgM/IgG anti-dengue virus antibodies, Breteau Index and number of cases were used for evaluating the effect of control measures. Results The epidemic was caused by type I dengue virus. The 34 cases and the 7 persons with latent infection were mainly occurred from August to November and the peak occurred in October. Most of the cases were young and middle-aged and mainly in Lecong, Daliang and Longjiang town. The epidemic situation was controlled effectively within a short time by isolate the patients, manage environment, kill mosquitoes and clean up the water etc; In early 2009 , ＂Health Demonstration Area ＂ was established. An obvious effect has been achieved and no cases occurred in 2009. The Breteau Index decreased from 37.04,33.44 and 72.59 to 0.96 、 2.12 and 1.47, there was statistically significant difference （ P 〈0.01 ） . Conclusion Comprehensive prevention and control measures achieved significant results. Adopting active measures can reduce the cost of investigation and achieve great social and economic benefits.