温州市流动儿童国家免疫规划疫苗预防接种状况凋查

Investigation on Immunization of Vaccines for National Immunization Program among Migrant Children in Wenzhou Municipal

目的了解温州市流动儿童国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗预防接种现状,探讨加强流动儿童预防接种管理、提高接种率的方法。方法采用分阶段整群随机抽样方法,在3个县(市、区)的15个乡(镇、街道),对2001年1月1日～2007年6月30日出生的1543名流动儿童进行7种NIP疫苗的接种率调查。结果流动儿童建预防接种证率96.18%,持预防接种证率81.40%,建预防接种卡率80.0%。≥1岁流动儿童的1剂卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette Guerin,BCG)、3剂口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(Oral Poliornyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine;OPV)、3剂百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗(Diphtheria,Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine;DTP)、1剂麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV)、3剂乙型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)、1剂流行性乙型脑炎疫苗和1剂脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗接种率,分别为85.5%、82.9%、79.7%、80.2%、78.9%、42.4%、26.7%。HepB首针及时接种率为70.7%,BCG疤痕率为82.71%。OPV、DTP加强免疫和MV复种接种率分别为42.6%、44.1%和42.9%。结论与常住儿童相比,温州市流动儿童NIP疫苗接种率较低,预防接种管理有待加强。

Objective To understand the situation on immunization of vaccines for National Immunization Program among migrant children in Wenzhou, and to improve the immunization coverage of these vaccines. Method 1543 migrant children who were born from January 1, 2001 to July 30 2007 were investigated in 15 towns from 3 counties in Wenzhou by randomized sampling method. Results The percentage of migrant children who had immunization card, carried immunization card , and were registered were 96.18 %, 81.40 % , and 80.0 % respectively. Among the children aged〉 1 year, immunization coverage rates of Bacillus Calmette Guerin （BCG）, Oral Poliomyelitis Attenualed Live Vaccine （OPV）, Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine （DTP）, Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine （MV）, Hepatitis B Vaccine （HepB）, Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine（JEV）, and Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine（MPV）were 85.5 %, 82.9 %, 79.7 %, 80.2 %, 78.9 % , 42.4 %, and 26.7 % respectively. In addition, the coverage of timely HepB 1 was 70.7 % ; the scar rate of BCG was 82.7 % . Finally, the boosting immunization rates of OPV, DTP, and MV were 42.6 % , 44.1 % , and 42.9 % respectively. Conclusion The results shows that the immunization rates of NIP vaccines among migrant children were obviously lower than the local children. Thus, the immunization of NIP vaccines among the migrant children in Wenzhou should be strengthed.