全球消除麻疹进展概述

Progress Towards Global Measles Elimination: a Summary

1989年世界卫生大会提出全球控制和消除麻疹的目标。世界卫生组织(WHO)各区消除麻疹的主要策略是加强免疫和监测,包括提高含麻疹成分疫苗常规免疫接种率,开展高质量的初始和后续免疫,在实验室支持下建立以个案为基础的麻疹监测系统。除WHO东南亚区(Regional Office for South-East Asia,SEARO)于2010年提出消除麻疹的目标外,其他五个区都已制定了消除麻疹目标。2010年WHO计划提出全球消灭麻疹的目标。2008年全球估计麻疹死亡人数16.4万,比2000年下降78%,除WHOSEARO外,其他五个区均实现麻疹死亡降低90%的目标。WHO美洲区已于2002年实现了消除麻疹目标,且连续7年维持消除麻疹状态,为其他区提供了经验和信心。但全球消除麻疹仍面临巨大挑战,为实现消这一目标,各国还需要政府高层次的政治承诺并进行必要的投入。

In 1989, Word Health Assembly endorsed the goal of global measles control and elimination, the main strategies of measles elimination in regions are strengthen immunization and surveillance, included increasing routine immunization coverage of measles containing vaccine, conducting high quality catch up and follow up measles supplementary immunization activities, and establishing case based measles surveillance system supported by laboratory network. All regions have established measles elimination goal except South-East Asia, in which the goal will be considered. The estimated measles death was 164 000 in 2008, reducing 78 % comparing with that in 2000, and all regions except South-east Asia have reached the goal of reducing death by 90 % . A new global goal of measles eradication will be proposed in 2010. Americas region of WHO have reached and sustained measles elimination status since 2002, providing other regions with experiences and confidence in measles elimination. However, to reach the goal of global measles elimination is facing huge challenges. High level political commitment from the government and resources are in urgent needed.