佛家与佛教

Buddhist Philosophy and Buddhism

作为人生意义的觉悟者,释迦牟尼用"缘起论"来解构万物主体的"自性",在反叛婆罗门教吠陀天启和种姓制度的同时,进入了空、幻、寂、灭的境界,从而形成了一种没有灵魂、没有寄托、没有偶像的悲观主义哲学——佛家。然而,或许是由于释迦牟尼未能完全摆脱婆罗门教对其本人的影响,再加上其后的追随者们出于吸引信众、传播教义的目的,因而将此种哲理与婆罗门教关于灵魂轮回、极乐世界、偶像崇拜等思想掺杂在一起,从而形成了一种有灵魂、有寄托、有偶像的宗教——佛教。阐明佛家与佛教的联系与区别,不仅有利于理解整个佛学运动的发展过程,而且有助于厘清佛陀无我论与佛教轮回主体的矛盾、佛陀涅槃论与佛教极乐世界的矛盾、佛陀无神论与佛教有神崇拜的矛盾。

As an enlightened one studying the meaning of life,Sakyamuni proposed the theory of dependent origination(pratitya-samutpada) to deconstruct the self-nature(Svabhava)of universal objects.During the process of arguing against the Veda revelation and the caste system of Brahnanism,he reached the status of emptiness,illusion,loneliness,and extinguishment and thus established a pessimistic philosophy called Buddhist philosophy,which was characteristic of no soul,no spiritual sustenance,or no idolatry.However,probably Sakyamuni did not totally get rid of the impact of Brahnanism,in addition,his disciples mixed his idea and philosophy with the theory of transmigration of souls,pure land and idolatry of Brahnanism,and therefore form the religion of Buddhism of having soul,spiritual sustenance,and idolatry,due to the reason of attracting believers and spreading the doctrine.Illustrating the connections and differences between Buddhist philosophy and Buddhism would not only help to understand the developing process of Buddhist philosophy,but also clarify the contradictions between the Buddha no-self theory and transmigration subjects of Buddhism,the nirvana theory of Buddha and pure land theory of Buddhism,atheism of Buddha and theism of Buddhism.