开发建设项目水土保持工程设计研讨

Study and Discussion of Soil and Water Conservation Design in Development and Construction Projects

根据编制开发建设项目水保方案的实践认为，重力式挡土墙中，仰斜墙受的主动土压力最小，墙面边坡不宜缓于１∶０２５，一般应设置墙趾、排水孔和沉降缝；浆砌石拦渣坝坝体断面一般应为梯形，上游坝坡取１∶０１～１∶０２，下游坝坡取１∶０６～１∶１，坝内修筑排水孔（管）；干砌石拦渣坝上游坝坡可取１∶１，下游坝坡可取１∶２，坝体内不设排水孔；拦渣坝坝址处沟道狭窄时，可修筑浆砌石圆拱坝。

It is realized from the practices of soil and water conservation design in development and infrastructure projects that in gravity bulkhead walls the inclining wall with angle of elevation is with the least active soil pressure, which should be designed as with side slope of the wall surface larger than 1025, equipped with wall foot, drainage tunnel and sinking cracks. For the debris dams with grouted rubble, the cross section should be designed as trapezoidal with side slopes of 101 to 102 at upper and 106 to 11 in the lower reach and drainage pipe or tunnel in the dams. As to loose stone debris dams the side slopes should be 11 at upper and 12 in the lower reaches respectively and without water drainage facility in dams. Round arch dam can be designed in the narrow gullies for debris dams, which should be of larger than 80 degree of central angle of the arch at the dam tops.