梨花序不同序位坐果对果实发育及品质的影响

Pear Fruit Development and Quality at Different Fruit Positions of Inflorescence

以‘黄花’、‘砀山酥梨’和‘丰水’梨为试材,在大蕾期选择不同花序疏花后进行人工授粉,研究梨花序不同序位坐果与果实发育及品质的关系。结果显示：（1）‘黄花’、‘砀山酥梨’和‘丰水’果形指数、果实硬度均随坐果序位的升高而升高,石细胞含量随坐果序位的升高而减少,且3个品种均表现第1序位果石细胞含量最高,5~7序位果单果质量小。（2）‘黄花’、‘砀山酥梨’、‘丰水’的可溶性糖含量最高分别为2~4、1~3、3~5序位果,Vc含量最高的分别是1~4、2~5、3~5序位果,（3）果柄粗度和果柄粗/长值随序位的升高而降低,果柄粗度与果实单果质量、果实纵横径及可溶性固形物含量呈正相关,与果实硬度呈负相关。研究表明,各品种最佳坐果部位为：‘黄花’2~4序位,‘砀山酥梨’2~3序位、‘丰水’3~4序位,生产中多数梨品种疏果时建议以留第3序位果较为稳妥。

In this study,artificial pollination was performed at the stage of large bud after flower thinning on the pear cultivars of ＇Huanghua＇,＇Dangshansuli＇ and ＇Housui＇,to investigate effects of different fruit positions in inflorescence on their development and quality.Results showed that：（1）for all three selected cultivars,fruit shape index and firmness increased while sclereids content decreased along with their raised order position in inflorescence,in which the fruit in 1st order position exhibited the highest sclereids content,and fruit in 5th to 7th order position exhibited the lowest weight;（2）Fruits with the highest soluble sugar content were located in 2nd to 4th,1st to 3rd and 3rd to 5th order position,while fruits with the highest Vc content were located in 1st to 4th,2nd to 5th and 3rd to 5th order position,respectively for ＇Huanghua＇,＇Dangshansuli＇ and ＇Housui＇;（3）From 1st to 7th order position,diameter,ratio of diameter to length of fruit stalk decreased.Further,positive correlations between diameter of fruit stalk and fruit weight,longitudinal-transverse diameter,soluble solid content were also observed,but conversely between diameters of fruit stalk and fruit firmness.It is concluded that the order position in inflorescence of 2nd to 4th,2nd to 4th and 3rd to 4th was the best position for producing ＇Huanghua＇,＇Dangshansuli＇ and ＇Housui＇ fruit,respectively.And it is reliable to get use of 3rd order position in inflorescence to produce fruit for most pear cultivars in culture practice.