3类水生植物对池塘养殖废水氮磷去除效果的研究

N and P Removal from Pond Effluent with Three Hydrophytes

在人工模拟条件下,利用室内试验桶培育,研究了挺水植物芦苇、沉水植物金鱼藻和浮叶植物浮叶四角菱对池塘养殖废水的净化效果。结果表明,3类植物都能有效吸收废水中过剩的氮磷营养物质,经过50 d植物处理,它们对水体中氮素去除率表现为芦苇(80.8%)>浮叶四角菱(62.6%)>金鱼藻(34.4%),对磷素去除率表现为芦苇(73.2%)>金鱼藻(27.1%)>浮叶四角菱(17.2%);芦苇和金鱼藻对池塘养殖废水环境适应性较强,植物平均存活率分别可达85%和60%,而浮叶四角菱的适应性较差,存活率基本维持在45%以下。可见,在相同条件下脱氮除磷效果最好的是挺水植物(芦苇),其次脱氮效果较好的是浮叶植物(浮叶四角菱),而除磷效果较好的则是沉水植物(金鱼藻)。

In order to investigate hydrophyte role on the purification of pond effluent which was eutrophic,three hydrophytes（Phragmites communis Trin.,Ceratophyllum demersum and Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.） were grown in treated water and as a none-plant to compare effectiveness of nutrient removal.It can be concluded that all the hydrophytes had a good performance on removal nutrients from treated water rather than without hydrophyte.After growing the three hydrophytes 50 days,the total nitrogen（TN） was removed by P.communis Trin.（80.8%）T.quadrispinosa Roxb.（62.6%）C.demersum（34.4%）.The total phosphorus（TP） was removed by P.communis Trin.（73.2%）C.demersum（27.1%）T.quadrispinosa Roxb.（17.2%）.P.communis Trin.and C.demersum grew better in pond effluent than that of T.quadrispinosa Roxb.during experiment period.The average livability of P.communis Trin.and C.demersum reached up to 85% and 60%,respectively.However,T.quadrispinosa Roxb.only kept under 45%.For the three hydrophytes growing under the same condition,P.communis Trin.was the most effective hydrophyte for TN and TP removal,T.quadrispinosa Roxb.was next for TN removal.However,C.demersum was better than T.quadrispinosa Roxb.for TP removal.