斑秃患者757例的临床资料分析

Clinical analysis of 757 patients with alopecia areata

目的分析斑秃(AA)及其严重度与临床特征的关系。方法收集在门诊就诊的757例AA患者的临床资料,对病程、初发年龄、家族史、自觉症状、甲病变、复发、季节变化和伴发疾病等临床特征进行统计分析。结果 757例AA患者中,男380例,女377例,男女比例为1.01∶1;年龄1～84岁,平均年龄为(36.5±14.5)岁;其中轻型AA618例(轻型组),重型AA139例(重型组)。重型组的病程显著长于轻型组(P<0.05),初发病年龄显著小于轻型组(P<0.05),有自觉症状者、有甲病变者、复发者、有季节性加重者所占比例均显著高于轻型组(P值均<0.05),有伴发疾病者所占比例显著低于轻型组(P<0.05),两组间的性别构成比、有家族史者所占比例的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论 AA病情的轻重程度可能与家族史及是否伴发自身免疫性疾病无关,但严重AA有病程迁延、初发年龄较早、局部症状增加、甲病变增多、复发次数增加及季节性变化等特征。

Objective To analyze the relationship of alopecia areata （AA） and its severity with the relevant clinical features. Methods The clinical data of 757 patients with AA were collected,and the clinical features,including the disease course,age of onset,family history,local symptoms,nail changes,recurrence,seasonal changes and concomitant diseases,were analyzed. Results The age of the 757 cases （380 males and 377 females,sex ratio 1.01：1） ranged from 1 to 84 years （mean age [36.5±14.5] years）. There were 618 cases with mild AA （mild group） and 139 cases with severe AA （severe group）. The disease course of the severe group was significantly longer than that of the mild group （P0.05）,and the age of onset of the severe group was significantly younger than that in the mild group （P0.05）. The percentages of cases with local symptoms,nail changes,recurrent frequencies and seasonal changes in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group （all P0.05）. However,the percentage of cases with concomitant diseases in the severe group was significantly lower than that in the mild group （P0.05）. There were no statistical differences between the mild group and the severe group in the sex ratios and the family history （P0.05）. Conclusion The severity of AA may be not associated with family history and concomitant autoimmune diseases. However,severe AA tends to have a long duration,early onset,and increased local symptoms,nail changes and recurrent frequencies and seasonal changes.