3[1]Bailey PL,Streisand JB,East KA,et al.Differences in magnitude and duration of opioid-induced respiratory depression and analgesia with fentanyl and sufentanil.Anesth analg,1990,70:8-15.
4[2]Geller E,Chrubasik J,Graf R,et al.A randomized double-blind comparison of epidural or epidural sufentanil versus intravenous sufentanil or epidural fentanyl analgesia after major abdominal surgery.Anesth analg,1993,76:1243-1250.
5Peng WH, Sandler AN. A review of the use of fentanyl analgesia in the management of acute pain in adults [J]. Anesthesiology,1999, 90(2):576～599.
6Broekema AA, Gielen MJ, Hennis PJ, et al. Postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural sufenfanil and bupivacaine: a prospective study in 614 patients [J]. Anesth Analg, 1996, 82(4):754 ～ 759.
7Geller E, ChrubasikJ, Graf R, et al. A randomized double- blind comparison of epidural sufentanil versus intravenous sufentanil or epidural fentanyl analgesia after major abdominal surgery [J].Anesth Analg, 1993, 76(6):1243～1250.
8Lehmann KA, Gerhard A, Horrichs-Haermeyer G, et al. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia with sufentanil:analgesic efficacy and minimum effective concentrations [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1991, 35(3):221～226.
9Grass JA, Sakima NT. Schmidt R, et al. A randomized, double blind, dose response comparison of epidural fentanyl versus sufentanil analgesia after Cesarean seetion[J]. Anesth Analg, 1997,85(2):365～371.
10Bailey PL, Streisand JB, East KA, et al. Differences in magnitude and duration of opioid-induced respiratory depression and analgesia with Fentanyl and sufentanil [J]. Anesth Analg, 1990, 70(1):8-15.
1Koppert W, Weigand M, Neumann F, et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine has preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg, 2004,98 (4) : 1050-1055.
2Koppwe W, Osermeier N, Still R, et al. Low-dose lidocaine reduce secondary, hyperalgesia by a central model of action. Pain,2000, 85 (12): 217-224.
3I)evor M, Wall PD, Catalan N. Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction. Pain,1992,48 (2) : 261-268.
