城市快速路AVI检测设施布局仿真优化

Location Optimization of Automatic Vehicle Identification Facilities for Urban Expressway through Simulation

针对城市快速路车辆自动识别(AVI)系统行程时间检测与动态OD矩阵获取的双重目标,在检测器数量及检测精度有限的条件下,提出了城市快速路AVI检测设施布局优化模型与提高OD估计精度的车辆转向率法;应用Visual Basic编程语言通过Vissim组件对象模型接口建立了基于微观仿真的城市快速路AVI检测设施布局仿真优化平台,可对AVI检测设施布局优化模型进行"软件在环"的仿真评价,进而得出优化的布局方案。以上海市南北高架快速路AVI设施布局为例验证了AVI设施布局仿真优化的科学性,在90%检测精度条件下得到OD矩阵范数平均相对误差NMRE<25%,需要检测器布设断面密度达到85%,并总结了城市快速路AVI设施布局的3条主要原则。

For the goals of obtaining dynamic OD matrix and travel time of the urban expressway AVI system,an AVI facility location optimization model and an algorithm of improving the accuracy of OD estimation were put forward in the paper with limited number of detectors and detection accuracy.A simulation optimization platform was established by using the Visual Basic programming language and the Component Object Model（COM） interface based on micro-simulation model Vissim,through which the optimization model was evaluated by using ＂software-in-the-loop＂ to find an optimized detector layout scheme.A Vissim test bed of the Shanghai North-South elevated road calibrated according to field data was developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed SO-based AVI facility layout method,and three principles of AVI facility layout were concluded.The results show that the level of detector coverage on a link must not be less than 85% so as to obtain an OD matrix with NMRE（Norm Mean Relative Error） less than 25% under the condition of 90% detector accuracy.