莫莫格湿地景观格局变化对白鹤停歇种群动态的影响

Effects of changing landscapes on trends of stopover population in Siberian Crane at Momoge wetland

对莫莫格国家级自然保护区各景观类型的变化及其对停歇白鹤种群动态的影响进行了研究.结果表明:1988-2003年间,保护区内农田、人工林、村庄、草地和沼泽的面积趋于减少,而盐碱地、浅水泡、水库和河流的面积呈增加趋势;随着降雨量的增加,农田、盐碱地和草地面积显著减少,而河流和沼泽面积随之显著增加.1983-2008年春季,在保护区停歇的白鹤种群数量呈增加趋势,每年春季平均有(571.5±485.6)只白鹤在此停歇,春季最高历史记录出现在2008年,为2 148只.2000-2007年秋季,在莫莫格保护区停歇白鹤种群数量呈显著下降趋势,平均种群数量为(495.6±429.4)只,2007年秋季种群数量最高,为1 485只.随着盐碱草甸面积的增加,停歇白鹤的种群数量明显下降(r=-0.785,P=0.037);停歇白鹤种群数量与泡沼面积呈显著正相关(r=0.796,P=0.032);农田、人工林、河流和水库面积变化对白鹤种群数量变化无显著影响.实施白鹤停歇地保护和恢复重建应重点加强对泡沼的保护和管理;另外,盐碱草甸为白鹤潜在的停歇生境,保护其完整性对白鹤停歇地的恢复重建具有重要作用.

Momoge National Nature Reserve is one of the most important stopover sites for Siberian Crane（Grus leucogeranus）.The effects of changing landscapes on stopover population trends in Siberian Crane was studied at the reserve.The areas of farmlands,manpower forests,grasslands and marshlands decreased,but areas of salinas,shallow ponds,reservoirs and rivers took on increasing trends during the period from 1988 to 2003.The areas of farmlands,salinas and grasslands decreased significantly following the increasing of rainfall,while areas of rivers and marshlands increased significantly.The population sizes of Siberian Crane stopped at Momoge took on increasing trends in spring migration seasons during the period from 1983 to 2008,mean population size was 571.5 ± 485.6 individuals,and the recorded biggest population size occurred in spring in 2008,was 2148 individuals.The population sizes of Siberian Crane stopped at Momoge took on decreasing trends in autumn migration seasons during the period from 2000 to 2006,mean population size was 495.6 ± 429.4 individuals,and the recorded biggest population size occurred in autumn in 2008,was 1485 individuals.The population size of Siberian Crane stopped at Momoge decreased significantly following the increasing of salinas（r =-0.785,P= 0.037）,while increaed significantly following the increasing of marshlands（r = 0.796,P= 0.032）.The changes of areas of other types landscapes did not affect the population size of Siberian Crane significantly.When carrying out stopover habitats protection and restoration for Siberian Crane,more attention should be pay to the protection and management of marshlands.In addition,salinas are potential stopover habitats for Siberian Crane,keeping its integrality is important for restoring stopover habitats of the species.