玉树灾区鼠疫传播特征及其预防对策

Spreading Characteristics of Plague and Its Preventive Measures in Yushu Afflicted Area

目的调查分析玉树灾区部队集结区域鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫传播特点,及时做好部队急进疫区的预防对策。方法迅速派出流调小组走访部队集结沿线及震区疾病预防控制机构,收集资料,调查分析。结果玉树灾区鼠疫自然疫源地的宿主动物种类较多,构成了人间鼠疫传染源的多样性。人间鼠疫以狩猎旱獭等染疫动物为主要传播途径,以直接接触为感染方式,病例多散在发生,病死率较高。本区人间鼠疫虽源于旱獭等动物鼠疫,但在流行时间上并非完全吻合。结论部队急进青海高原鼠疫疫区,普及防护知识、预防接种、迅速摸清鼠疫传播特征,及时采取一系列的预防措施是极其有效的。

Objective To investigate the plague propagation characteristics in troops assembly regions in earthquake-striken area of Yushu.Method Epidemic investigation squads are dispatched to interview the troops along the assembly lines and collect plague epidemic data from local disease control and prevention agency.Results There are many kinds of plague hosts in focus of natural infection in Yushu afflicted area,and the origins of infection are quite diversified.Marmot hunting is the main channel of human plague infection,and direct contact is the major cause of infection.Cases are normally sporadic and have high mortality.Although human plagues in this area normally originated from marmot plagues,the propogation time does not completely coincide.Conclusions Protection knowledge should be popularized before the troops enter focus of natueal infection.Preventive vaccination,early investigation of the epidemic characteristics and timely preventive measures are very effective to protect the service troops from the plague.