精神、时间与道路——对海德格尔“诗歌中的语言”的一个解读

Spirit,Time and Road:An Interpretation of Language in Poetry by Martin Heidegger

在"诗歌中的语言"这篇讲演中,海德格尔着重探讨了特拉克尔作为一个"伟大诗人"据以进行诗意道说的那"独一之诗"的"位置"(Ort)。这一"位置"被命名为"孤寂"(die Abgeschiedenheit)。"孤寂"指的是"死者"、"异乡者"、"未出生者"等"离开者"的"已经离开状态"(Abgeschiedenheit)。这种离开是向着更早的早先的离开,向着最初的开端的返回。这样一种离开和返回有其时机性:它发生在自己的时间。同时,这种返回也是"精神性的":它由"精神"所规定。而精神的本质又被海德格尔规定为"开辟道路"。关于"开辟道路"的思考把我们引向"道"(Tao),因为海德格尔在另一个文本中曾说道:"然而,‘道’或许就是为一切开辟道路的道路,由之而来,我们才能去思理性、精神、意义、逻各斯等根本上也即凭它们的本质所要道说的东西。"

In the lecture Language in Poetry,Martin Heidegger focuses his study on the 'great poet' Trakl and his sole position of poetic representation.This position is called 'die Abgeschiedenheit' which refers to the state of departure(Abgeschiedenheit) of the 'departed' like 'the dead','the exile' and 'the unborn'.This departure is one towards the earlier departure and towards the very beginning.This departure or return has its temporal features and occurs in its own time.At the same time,this return is 'spiritual' or under the control of 'spirit'.The essence of spirit,as defined by Heidegger,is 'opening a new road' that is related to 'Tao' which Heidegger in another text explains as 'Tao might be the road for all other roads and with it we can think about the essential elements of reason,spirit,meaning and logos.'