北京市3～7岁听障儿童与健听儿童智力测验的比较研究

A comparative study of the intelligence of hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children from 3 to 7 years old in Beijing

目的研究北京市听障儿童智力发育的特点，比较听障儿童与健听儿童智力发育的差别，为北京市听障儿童康复工作提供理论依据。方法采用希一内学习能力测验的健听常模对56名听障儿童和56名相同年龄的健听儿童的智力进行测验。结果3～7岁听障儿童的比率智商是94．99±14．27，56名健听儿童的比率智商是96．49±12．98，两者的差别没有统计学意义；4岁之前二者的智力水平发展一致，随着年龄的增加，二者的差距增大，差别无统计学意义。与健听儿童相比，听障儿童的手眼协调、空间知觉、视觉记忆和抽象思维发展较好，而色彩记忆和分析综合能力发展滞后。结论北京市听障儿童智力发育良好，已接近健听儿童的水平，社会和家庭应继续关注听障儿童的早期干预和心理健康，以期达到全面康复的目的。

Objective To study the intelligence development characteristics of hearingimpaired children in Beijing and to compare the intelligence differences between hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children in order to provide theoretical evidence for reasonable rehabilitation strategies. Methods The H - NTLA norm was used to test the intelligence of 56 hearingimpaired and 56 normal-hearing children 3-7 years old. Results The intelligence Quotient（IQ） of the children with hearing impairment was 94.99 ± 14.27, 2 points lower than the children with normal hearing （96.49 ± 12.98）, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The intelligence of the two groups developed at the same rate before 4 years old. As age increased, the difference between the two groups grew but had no statistical significance. As compared with normal-hearing children, the abilities of hearing-impaired children in handeye coordination, space perception, visual memory and abstract thinking were quite good, but the color memory and analysis and integration competence were relatively poor. Conclusion The intelligence of hearing-impaired children in Beijing is developing well, near the level of normalhearing children. The family and society should pay attention to the early intervention and mental health of hearing-impaired children so that they can be rehabilitated in an all-around way.