摘要
汽车安全性是现代汽车设计的基本出发点之一为了提高汽车的安全性,人们采用了各种各样的主动和被动安全措施,但从根本上来说,车辆的碰撞是不可避免的,所以车辆本身的碰撞特性才是最终的安全性能决定因素本文旨在通过研究现有结构的碰撞动态特性,改进车辆结构,达到最佳的吸能特性,从而提高车辆的安全性研究中采用的方法是有限元计算,工具软件是ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D模型的建立是以张家港牡丹客车厂生产的MD6601型客车为原形,这种车是以货车底盘改装的,车架的吸能占70%以上,所以本文重点考虑了车架和保险杠,把其它部分作为集中质量加在车架上通过计算得出了碰撞过程的位移量、转角、撞击力、冲量、能量吸收等量的时间历程曲线,分析这些曲线即可对车辆的碰撞安全特性进行评价研究发现碰撞行为有它的一般规律:碰撞时间在100ms以内,变形集中在碰撞接触点附近,撞击力可达车重的上百倍,碰撞过程接近平动等观察碰撞变形图可以知道车架各处的变形情况。
Security of automobile is one of the principle of modern automobile design.Various kinds of initiative and passive measures are taken to improve automobile security. But the collision of vehicle cannot be avoided radically, so the collision characteristics of vehicle itself is the final determinant of security. To get the best energy absorbing characteristics and improve security,the dynamic characteristics of collision for structure in existence is studied. The finite element simulation with software ANSYS/LS DYNA3D is carried out. The original model is MD6601 bus of Peony Bus Factory, the bus is refit from truck chassis, energy absorbing of the chassis is more than 70% of total energy, so the frame and bumper are studied stressly, other parts are taken as point mass and put on the frame.The displacement,rotation,force,impulse,energy absorbing curves are obtained from calculation,and security evaluation can be made from analyses of the curves. The commonly collision law is that impact time is within 100ms; deformation centralizes on the point of impact; impact force can reach 100 times that of vehicle weight. Deformation at different points can be known from observation of deformation figure, and it is easy to improve bad structure. Accuracy of software calculation is validated.
出处
《江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版)》
1999年第3期36-39,共4页
Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)
基金
机械工业局科研项目