引入“发展”维度 完善农村社会救助——基于资产建设的视角

Introducing the Development Dimension and Perfecting Rural Social Assistance——An Asset Building Perspective

当前农村减贫效果有限,原因之一在于农村社会救助以收入维持为主要目标,缺乏"发展"维度。救助对象局限在绝对贫困人口,未能满足边缘贫困人群和有劳动力贫困人口的"发展"需求。资产社会政策主张减贫策略并非简单地直接增加穷人的收入,而是要帮助穷人进行资产积累与投资。通过资产建设,可为穷人提供可持续生计,提升其人力资本和社会资本,降低其脆弱性,增强抵御风险和发展的能力。因此,帮助穷人建立、积累个人资产和社区资产,可促进个人、家庭和社区发展,推动农村社会救助的完善。

Currently the poverty reduction in the rural areas has a limited effect. One of the main reasons is that the rural social assistance concentrates on maintaining the basic livelihood of the poor, and lacks a ＂development＂ dimension. The targets of the assistance are limited to the extreme poverty population, which fails to reduce the poor’s vulnerability to withstand risks and unable to improve their capacity of self-development. Assets building policies advocate that the poverty reduction strategy is not simply to increase the income of the poor directly, but to help the poor with the accumulation and investment of their assets. Asset building can provide sustainable livelihoods for the poor and improve their human capital and social capital, which lays the foundation for poverty eradication. Therefore the introduction of asset building in rural social assistance will improve the efficiency of poverty reduction and promote the improvement of rural social relief.