委内瑞拉油气资源投资整体评价

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Investment on Venezuelan Oil & Gas Resources

委内瑞拉奉行独立自主的外交政策,主张各国和平共处。委内瑞拉是世界上最重要的石油生产国之一,石油是其国民经济的支柱产业。委内瑞拉已探明常规石油储量776.85×108bbl,居全球第六位;天然气储量约4.22×1012m3,居全球第九位;已探明重油储量2700×108bbl,居全球第二位。陆上有5个盆地产油气,马拉开波和东委内瑞拉盆地是在世界十大石油盆地中排名前几位的重要盆地。委内瑞拉石油产量在拉美国家中居第一位,在欧佩克组织成员中居第三位。委内瑞拉政府对油气行业实行严格的国家管理制度,目前政府许可的油气产业国际合作开发模式有合作开发、利润分成和承包服务三种模式。委内瑞拉的石油法规基本上沿用了西方的油气管理模式,采用对外招标的方式开发油气资源。税法和石油法针对油气产业特点规定的行业税费包括勘探开采税、矿区使用费、土地税、消费税和公司所得税等。委内瑞拉为了振兴油气产业、促进经济发展,逐步推出了一系列重大的开放油气产业上、下游的新举措,还有解除外汇管制、取消对银行利率的控制、对运输及低收入家庭实行补贴等经济杠杆政策等。就整体而言,委内瑞拉油气资源投资的综合评价指标良好,中国石油企业较强的产业竞争力和极为有利的国际政治环境,成为加大在委油气项目投资力度和规模的良好时机。我国应进一步加强与委内瑞拉的外交和文化交流,加大对国有和民营企业在委油气产业投资的扶持力度,将委内瑞拉油气投资项目纳入到国家"走出去"战略的重点实施范围内。

Venezuela pursues an independent foreign policy,advocating that all countries should coexist peacefully.Venezuela is one of the most important oil producing countries in the world and the oil industry is the pillar of the country＇s economy.Venezuela has proven 776.85×108bbl of conventional oil reserves,the sixth largest worldwide,and around 4.22 ×1012m3 of natural gas reserves,the ninth largest worldwide.The country＇ s proven heavy oil reserves are 2700×108bbl,the second largest worldwide.Venezuela has five producing onshore basins,of which Maracaibo and Eastern Venezuelan Basin are among the world＇ s 10 largest oil-producing basins.Venezuela is the largest oil producer in Latin America and the third largest oil producer in OPEC.The Venezuelan government imposes a strict managerial system of its oil and gas industry.The modes of international cooperation for oil and gas development in Venezuela include joint development,profit sharing and contracting service.Venezuela basically adopts a western-style oil and gas management system,in which licenses for developing oil and gas are granted through open tender.Industry taxes and fees related to the oil and gas industry include exploration and production tax,royalty,land tax,consumption tax,corporate income tax,etc.Venezuela has come up with a series of new measures to open both of the upstream and downstream sectors of its oil and gas industry in order to promote the growth of its oil and gas industry as well as its economy.The country has also adopted some other economic leverage policies such as deregulating foreign exchange,canceling its control of bank interest rates and subsidizing the transportation sector and low-income families.On the whole,the results of evaluation of investment on Venezuelan oil and gas resources are good.The relatively strong competitive power of Chinese oil enterprises and the extremely favorable international political environment have provided a good opportunity for Chinese oil companies to increase their investment in Venezuelan oil and gas projects.China should further strengthen its diplomatic and cultural communication with Venezuela,step up its support to state-owned and private enterprises＇ investment in the Venezuelan oil and gas sector and include investment in the Venezuelan oil and gas sector in the ＂Go-out＂ strategy.