长期施肥对潮土夏玉米生长发育和光合特性的影响

Effects of long-term fertilization on growth and photosynthesis of summer maize in fluvo-aquic soil

利用中国科学院封丘农业生态国家实验站潮土农田生态系统养分平衡长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥处理对夏玉米生长发育主要指标、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与NPK相比,长期缺磷、缺氮、缺钾导致夏玉米株高、叶面积指数、产量均显著降低;其中长期缺磷、缺氮、缺钾处理夏玉米产量分别为NPK处理的10.78%、21.14%和83.43%。对不同施肥处理光合速率、叶面积指数与产量的相关性分析表明,不同施肥处理夏玉米产量与叶面积指数相关性高于光合速率,说明不同施肥处理产量的高低首先取决于叶面积指数的大小,其次是光合速率。长期不施肥或缺磷、缺氮、缺钾导致作物低产或减产的主要原因是光合面积低和光合速率下降。

The effects of different fertilization treatments on growth development,photosynthesis and yield of summer maize were studied in a long-term field experiment in the National Agro-Ecological Experiment Station in Fengqiu,China,and the correlations between net photosynthetic rate,leaf area index and yield were analyzed.The results showed that plant height,leaf area index and yield of the nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrient-deficiency treatments were decreased significantly compared with NPK treatments.The yields of P deficiency,N deficiency and K deficiency treatments only accounted for 10.78%,21.14% and 83.43% of that NPK treatment,respectively.The correlations between leaf area index and yield was more significant than that between photosynthetic rate and yield,indicating that the yield in different fertilizer treatments depended primarily on the level of leaf area index,followed by the photosynthetic rate.The low yields under long-term non-fertilization or nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrient-deficiency condition were mainly resulted from synthesis effects of the decreased leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate.