专项化训练理论认识和实践操作存在的主要问题及析因——我国部分运动项目运动成绩提高的不稳定现象解析

Main issues and reasons for special training theory understanding and practice operation ——Analysis of the unstable performance for part events in China

目前,我国许多运动项目上出现了运动成绩提高的不稳定现象,其中一些原已达到世界先进水平的项目,也出现较大幅度的滑坡。我们认为,缺乏对"一般训练"和"专项训练"的深入理解,对专项化训练的理论认识不足和实践操作不当所致,是造成这种现象的原因之一。对训练内容的划分,一般训练和专项训练内涵进行了深入细致的分析。研究结果表明:专项训练是指与运动员训练水平相称的比赛本身。把训练内容分为比赛本身(专项训练)、专项辅助训练、专项基础训练、一般训练和全面训练比较明朗。专项辅助训练和比赛本身(专项训练)是训练内容的核心,比赛本身(专项训练)是最系统、最完整、最理想的训练内容。不管是何训练水平、项目特点和训练时期、阶段,训练内容都是由五者按照不同的比例组合而成,这种比例关系不是一成不变的,而是与运动员的训练水平相称、动态变化的,应把五者看作一个系统。

At present,it appeared the stabilization in many events of China which the performance result enhanced,in which some has already achieved the world advanced level,but it also appeared the great scope the landslide.We believed that this kind of phenomenon lacks to ＂the general training＂ and ＂the special training＂ thorough understanding,the insufficiency understanding and the practice operation to the special training theory resulted in this reason.The content the division,the general training and the special training connotation have been carried on the thorough careful analysis.The findings indicated that,the special training refers to the level symmetrially to compete athletes themselves.It divides into the training content competes itself（special training）,the special supplemental training,the special fundamental training,the general training and the comprehensive training quite bright.The special supplemental training and competes itself（special training） is the content core,competes itself（special training） is the most systematic,the most complete and the most ideal training content.No matter how training level,the event characteristic and the training time,the stage,the training content all is by five different proportion combination.This kind of proportional relationship is not irrevocable,but has athlete＇s training level symmetric and the dynamic change.It should regard the five as a whole system.