不同类型小黑麦饲草产量和品质特性研究

Characteristics of Forage Yield and Quality of Different Triticale Varieties

在江苏生态条件下研究不同类型(饲草型、粮饲兼用型和粮用型)小黑麦品种饲草产量和品质特性,结果表明:①不同类型小黑麦随生育进程推移,植株鲜草产量和干草产量逐步上升,鲜草产量多数品种在开花达最大值,少数品种在孕穗期或籽粒形成期达最大值,干重产量至灌浆期或成熟期达最大值,品种间和类型间存在差异。②小黑麦冬前或籽粒形成期割青,鲜草产量显著高于大麦,在拔节期至开花期收割,产量相差较小。③不同类型小黑麦植株蛋白质含量开花之前呈下降趋势变化,积累量呈"S"型曲线变化,整个生育期植株蛋白质含量高于对照大麦品种,粮饲兼用型品种各生育期蛋白质积累量均高于对照。植株中性洗涤纤维含量随生育期推移呈先上升再下降或一直上升的变化趋势,积累量亦呈"S"型曲线关系。植株可溶性总糖含量随生育进程呈一直下降的变化趋势。④综合产量和品质表现,不同类型小黑麦饲用的价值存在差异,粮饲兼用型品种中饲237可于拔节期至孕穗期割青作青或干饲料;饲草型品种OH1881在越冬期、开花期收割作青或干饲料。

The forage yield and quality of different types of triticale varieties（forage,cereal,and forage-cereal dual purpose） were studied under Jiangsu ecological conditions.The forage production and the hay production of different types of triticale gradually increased as the growth progressed.The maximum yield of forage grass of most varieties appeared at anthesis,and others at grain filling or ripening stage.The maximum hay yield usually appeared at grain filling or ripening stage.Significant differences were observed among different varieties and types in respect of the hay yield.The forage production of different types of triticale was significantly higher than barley（as the control） when they were harvested before wintering stage or grain filling stage,but the difference was smaller provided that they were harvested from elongation to anthesis.The forage protein content showed a downward trend and the forage protein accumulation demonstrated an ＂S＂ trend before anthesis.The forage protein content of different triticale varieties was higher than the control barley,but the protein accumulation of cereal and forage combined triticale varieties was higher than the control barley.The NDF content（Neutral Detergent Fibre） had a first down and then up trend or increasing in while stage,and the accumulated amount was ＂S＂ curve relations.Plant total soluble sugar content had a decline in the trend in while stage.Considering the performance of yield and feeding quality,it is recommended that the dual-purpose triticale variety Zhongshi 237 be harvested as fresh or hay forage from elongation stage to booting stage,and the forage triticale variety OH1881 be harvested as fresh or hay forage at wintering or anthesis stage.