幼儿园儿童生长发育指标Z评分的膳食影响因素分析

Influential factors of diet in Z score of growth and development index in kindergarten children

目的:通过对幼儿园儿童进行膳食调查和体格检查,了解幼儿园儿童膳食营养状况,初步探讨儿童生长发育指标Z评分的膳食影响因素,为合理的膳食营养指导提供科学依据。方法:采用双份饭菜法收集儿童24h内膳食情况,根据食物成分表计算儿童24h内各种类别膳食的摄入量水平,采用Z评分法对其营养状况进行评价。结果:除奶类和食用油外,北京和西安幼儿园儿童在摄入粮谷类、鱼肉禽、蛋类、豆制品、蔬菜、水果、饮料、食盐等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),北京幼儿园儿童膳食中摄入了较多的鱼肉禽、蛋类、蔬菜、水果和饮料,西安幼儿园儿童摄入了较多的粮谷类食品、豆制品和食盐。多因素分析显示,儿童生长发育Z评分的膳食影响因素主要有豆制品、奶类和蔬菜类食物,超重儿童膳食中豆制品摄入水平较低,生长迟缓儿童膳食中奶类摄入水平较低,肥胖儿童膳食中蔬菜摄入水平较低。结论:所调查的北京和西安幼儿园儿童的膳食结构存在较大差异,豆制品、奶类和蔬菜食品的摄入量水平可能是幼儿园儿童生长发育的保护因素。

Objective：To investigate the dietary and nutritional status of kindergarten children, to probe into the dietary factors which affect the Z score of growth and development for improving the diet and nutrition of the preschool children.Methods：The double-meal method was used to collect children＇s daily food in the dietary survey.According to the food ingredients, children＇s dietary intake within 24 hours was calculated, and the Z score method was used to evaluate their nutrition status.Results：The intake of food grains, fish, eggs, bean products, vegetable, fruit, beverage and salt between Beijing and Xi＇an kindergarten children were significantly different （P〈0.05）.The kindergarten children of Beijing took in more fish, eggs, vegetables, fruit and drinks while Xi＇an kindergarten children consumed more grain cereals, soybean and salt. Multivariate analysis showed that the dietary factors which affect the Z-score level of those children＇s were intake of bean products, dairy and vegetable food if the genetic factor, environmental control factors and other social psychological factors were not considered.The intake of bean products in overweight children, dairy in slow growth children and vegetable in obese children was at low levels.Conclusion：The notable differences exists in the dietary structure of the preschool children between Beijing and Xi＇an city. The intake of bean products, dairy and vegetable may be the positive factors for the growth and development of the kindergarten children investigated.