消费者集体救济机制在欧盟及其成员国的发展

The Development of Consumer Collective Redress Mechanisms in EU and Its Member States

消费者集体救济的日益重视标志着欧盟消费者政策的核心从以实体权利为中心向侧重法律实施的转变。目前,许多欧盟成员国已经建立起各种形式的集体救济制度安排,其他成员国也正在考虑是否引入集体救济机制,集体救济制度在成员国层面呈现出多样性的特征。在欧盟层面,禁令救济诉讼非常普遍,但损害赔偿集体诉讼尚处于萌芽状态。最近,欧盟进一步采取行动打算为欧洲创建一套独特的集体救济新模式。我国应该借鉴欧盟消费者集体救济立法与实践的先进经验,尽快建立起消费者集体救济机制,提升我国消费者保护水平,增进消费者对市场的信心,维持国民经济的快速健康发展。

An increased focus on consumer collective redress marks the shift from substance-to enforcement-oriented perspective in the EU consumer policy.Various forms of collective redress schemes already exist in a number of member states and others are currently considering the options of introducing them.Collective redress systems at the member states level are all rather different.At the EU level actions for injunctive relief are widespread,but collective actions for damages are in the state of infancy.Recently,EU has taken further actions to create a distinctive new model for collective redress in Europe.China should take lessons from the legislation and practices of EU and its mamber states,to establish consumer collective redess mechanisms,so as to enhance the level of consumer protection,promote consumer confidence to the market,and maintain rapid and healthy economic development.