科举至公之道及其现实启思

The Pursuit of Equity in Imperial Examination and Its Implications

科举制度的公平性可谓是科举学领域最具现实意义的研究课题。科举千余年的变革走向表现为报考资格从封闭到开放、取士标准从主观到客观、考试录取从追求考试公平到兼顾区域公平、考试规制从简疏到繁密。无论政权如何更迭,公平始终是科举变革的"关键词"。科举的公平理念与措施不仅在历史上具有先进性与现代性,在当今社会仍具有普适性,有些做法的公平程度至今未被超越,有相当丰厚的历史遗产值得今天的高考所继承。考试改革须首重公平,这是科举给高考改革最重要的启思,科举的许多规制也可成为高考改革的重要参考。

Equity in Imperial Examination （IE） is a research topic which is of the most practical significance in the IE study. For thousands of years, despite the changes of governments and dynasties, equity has always been the key word of IE reform, moving from closed to open in qualification of examinees, from subjective to objective in selecting talents, from pursuit of equity in exams only to consideration of equity in terms of regional differences, from simple to complicated in making regulations for examinations. Historically speaking the conception and measures of IE equity were not only advanced but ＂modem＂ as well as universally applicable even today. Some measures still stand the test of time and well worth drawing upon by decision-makers of today＇s College Entrance Examinations. It is argued that priority should be given to equity in examination reform which is the most important lesson drawn from IE. Many rules and regulations of IE can be regarded as significant referential resources for reforms on College Entrance Examinations.