门控脉冲计数量化误差与数字化测量不确定度

The Quantized Error of Pulse Counting with Gate Controlling and Uncertainty of Digitized Measurement

对于门控脉冲计数，若门控信号与计数信号间的关系是随机的，则量化取值和量化误差遵循二点分布，多次测量的算术平均值遵循二项分布；若门控信号与计数信号间关系是固定的，则量化取值和量化误差为稳定的单一值。根据这些规律性结果，频率等测量的不确定度计算，单次测量应计入按二点分布计得的标准差，多次测量应计入按二项分布计得的标准差；电压等测量的不确定度计算，应包括相应显示值最后一位的±１个字的量化误差。在对各误差分量作出较切合实际的分布假定基础上，求出合成的标准不确定度或扩展不确定度。

A pulse counting with gate controlling,if the relation of gate signal and counting signal is random,the quantized taking values and quantized errors follow a bi point distribution,while the arithmetic means of repeated measurement follow a binomial distribution;if their relation is steady,then the quantized taking value and quantized error are both steadily single values.According to these results,the uncertainty calculation,in some measurements like that frequency,should be to include the standard error calculated from bi point distribution in single measurement but the standard error calculated from binomial distribution in repeated measurement;in some measurements like that voltage,should be to include ±1 error of one digit of the end of display value.Based on the supposed distribution of each error quantity,the combined standard uncertainty or expanded uncertainty can be figured out.