江苏田湾核电站周围人群核电认知与健康状况调查

Residents' health status and recognition on nuclear power around Jiangsu Tianwan Nuclear Power Plants

目的:掌握核电站运行前周围人群健康状况,科学评价核电对公众的影响。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法对田湾核电站周围30 km内的19 632人进行健康状况、核电认知和饮食结构问卷调查;采用回顾性流行病学方法调查连云港市2001年～2004年恶性肿瘤发病情况;采用B超法对9所学校1 626名8～10岁学生的甲状腺进行了检查,同时随机抽取392人进行尿碘检测;对631名居民进行细胞微核率和体外细胞HPRT基因位点突变率检查。结果:周围公众核电认知不足,平均分16.46分,同时存在低估和夸大核电潜在危险的倾向,渔民核焦虑明显;天然放射性所致公众待积有效剂量儿童691μSv/年,成人327μSv/年;8～10岁的学生甲状腺肿大率为0.18%,尿碘中位数为131.2μg/L;恶性肿瘤总发病率113.92/10万,白血病发病率4.64/10万;外周血淋巴细胞微核率4.78±2.47‰,HPRT基因位点突变率0.89±0.60‰。结论:加强核电知识的普及教育,提高公众的核应急意识,建立健全健康监测网络,定期发布监测数据,增加核电建造和运行的透明度,使公众对核电有一个全面正确的认识。

Objective： To know about health status of residents who lives around the nuclear power plant before its running, and evaluate the influences on residents in right way. Method： Total 19,632 residents＇ health status, nuclear knowledge and diet were obtained by questionnaire and stratified cluster sampling within 30 km around the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant; the incidence of malignant tumors in Lianyungang from 2001 to 2004 was investigated by retrospective epidemiology; 1 626 students who aged 8-10 years and came from 9 schools, received the examination for goiter by B ultrasonic machine, while 392 of which were carried out random testing of urine iodine in the meantime; micronucleus and HPRT gene mutation rate were ex amined to 631 residents. Results.. The average scores of residents was 16.46 about nuclear knowledge, the nuclear anxiety in fishermen was particularly obvious; the effective doses caused by natural radio nuclides were 691μSv/a in children and 327μSv/ a in adult ; 8-10 year-old students who got goiter were covered 0. 18%, the median urinary iodine was 131.2μg / L; the overall incidence of cancer was 113.92 / 100 000, leukemia incidence was 4. 64/100 000; public micronucleus rate was 4.78 2. 47 ‰, HPRT gene mutation rate was 0. 89 ± 0. 60 ‰. Conclusion： It is important for the public to enhance nuclear safety knowledge and to popular the awareness of emergency response, meanwhile, establishing and improving monitoring network, publishing monitoring data regularly and adding the transparency to the public about construction and operation of nuclear power were effective measures for the public to make full--round recognition on nuclear power.