注意缺陷多动障碍共患抽动障碍儿童个性及自我意识特征研究

Study of the characteristics of personality and self-concepts in children with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder

【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)与抽动障碍(tic disorder,TD)共病(comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder,CAT)患儿的个性及自我意识特征。【方法】采用艾森克个性问卷(少年版)(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)及Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(Piers-Har-ris Children's Self-concept Scale,PHCSS)对ADHD与抽动障碍共病(CAT)组60例,ADHD组79例,TD组60例,正常对照组(N组)71名儿童分别进行评估。【结果】EPQ中CAT组与ADHD组相比各因子得分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CAT组在精神质、神经质因子得分高于TD及N组,掩饰性得分低于TD组(P<0.01)。PHCSS中CAT组与ADHD组比较所有分量表得分及总分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CAT组儿童行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性、合群、幸福与满足及总分低于TD组(P<0.01),焦虑分量表高于TD组(P<0.05)。CAT组儿童行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性、合群四个分量表得分及总分低于N组(P<0.01)。【结论】CAT患者存在个性缺陷,自我意识发展不良,其个性与自我意识的发展主要受ADHD的影响。

【Objective】 To assess the characteristics of personality and self-concepts in children with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）and tic disorder（TD）（CAT）. 【Methods】 60 children with comorbid ADHD and TD（CAT）,79 children with ADHD,60 children with TD and 71 normal children（NG） were collected.All cases were evaluated with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（Junior Edition）（EPQ） and the Piers-Harris Children＇s Self-concept Scale（PHCSS）. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in the scores in EPQ between CAT group and ADHD group（P〈0.05）.Compared with the TD group and normal group,those children with CAT had personality characterized by higher neuroticism and psychoticism,and had lower score of Lie in EPQ.There were no significant differences in all subscale scores and total score of PHCSS between CAT group and ADHD group（P〈0.05）.The scores of children with CAT were remarkably lower than those of TD group in behavior,intelligence and school,physical appearance,sociability,happiness and satisfaction and total score in PHCSS（P〈0.01）,but the score of anxiety of children with CAT was higher（P〈0.05）.Compared with the control group,the CAT group had lower scores in behavior,intelligence and school,physical appearance,sociability and total score（P〈0.01）. 【Conclusion】 Children with comorbid ADHD and TD show personality defects and inferior self-concept,ADHD is the most significant factor affecting the development of personality and self-concept.