学龄前儿童120例饮食行为问题与家庭环境影响因素研究

Investigation on the eating behavior problems and the family environment among 120 preschool children

【目的】了解上海市虹口区学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的发生情况及其与家庭环境因素之间的关系,为儿童保健从业人员和家长携手改善儿童饮食行为,促进儿童健康成长而努力。【方法】随机抽取120名有饮食行为问题的学龄前儿童作为研究对象进行家长问卷调查,分析儿童饮食行为问题与家庭环境因素之间的关系。【结果】120名学龄前儿童的饮食行为问题包括挑食、偏食、进食量少、进食时间过长、进食地点不固定等。他们大多母孕产期情况良好,幼时添加辅食没有困难,在幼儿园的饮食行为表现比在家中更让家长满意。与以祖辈为主要照养人的儿童相比,以父母为主要照养人的儿童能更早不依赖奶瓶,更早独立进食。多因素分析结果显示,人工喂养,独立进食的年龄晚是家长对儿童饮食行为表现不满意的高危因素(P=0.000);家庭喂养态度一致是父母对孩子饮食行为表现满意的保护因素(P=0.003)。多数家长认为儿科医生的帮助是可靠的。【结论】早期认识并重视儿童饮食行为问题及其可能的家庭环境影响因素,积极主动干预;加强健康宣教,发挥家庭在儿童保健中的关键作用。

【Objective】 To investigate the situation of eating behavior problems in preschool children in Shanghai Hongkou district and the possible influencing factors in the family environment,in order to make the child health care practitioners and parents know how to jointly improve children＇s eating behaviors and promote children＇s health and growth. 【Methods】 120 preschool children with eating behavior problems were randomly selected as the study objects,the questionnaire for parents was used,finally,and the relationships between children＇s eating behavior problems and family environment factors were analyzed. 【Results】 The eating behavior problems among 120 preschool children were included： picky eating,poor appetite,eating too slowly,no fixed places for eating,and so on.Most of these children accepted the solid foods easily when they were introduced the solid foods,their mothers were in good condition during pregnancy.The degree of caregivers＇ satisfaction of children＇s eating behaviors in kindergarten was higher than those at home.Compared with children who were taken care of by grandparents,those children who were taken care of by parents were earlier to stop bottle feeding and eat independently.Logistic regression model analysis showed that bottle feeding and independent feeding were the two risk factors for the parents＇ dissatisfaction with the eating behaviors of children;The same feeding attitude between parents were the protective factor for the parents＇ satisfaction with the eating behaviors of children.Generally,parents believed that the assistances of pediatricians were reliable. 【Conclusions】 Children＇s eating behavior problems and family environment factors should be understood and paid more attention to at early stage;the health education and publicity should be enhanced,and the critical role of family in child care should be strengthened;service skills should be improved,and the professional and standard services should be provided.