日常生活审美化:马克思主义美学的理论视角

The aestheticization of everyday life:A point view of the Marxism aesthetic

日常生活审美化是随着现代消费主义、大众文化、现代性与后现代性等理论的出现才进入人文社会科学视野的。在如何看待日常生活审美化这一问题上,现代主义美学和后现代主义美学表现出两种不同的话语立场:前者主张保持审美的自律性和超越性,维护审美的无功利性和精神自由,却导致了审美与生活的脱节,审美成为资产阶级贵族的专利;后者主张消解精英主义文化观念,让审美回归普通大众的世俗幸福,倡导审美与日常生活的融合,却加重了审美的商品化、犬儒主义和虚伪主义。面对现代主义美学和后现代主义美学暴露出来的双重危机,马克思主义美学一方面以实践论强调审美的大众化而非审美的泛化,另一方面又从人类学的根基上阐释审美理想对于人类的价值和意义。

The aestheticization of everyday life,along with the emergence of modern consumerism,mass culture,and modernism and post-modernism,comes into the vision of Humanities and Social Sciences.Modern aesthetics and post-modern aesthetics show different positions towards the aestheticization of everyday life： the former retain the aesthetic transcendence and self-discipline,and maintain the non-utilitarian and aesthetic spirit of freedom,while lead to the dissociation of aesthetic from everyday life;the latter emphasize on clearing up elitist culture,advocate the concept of digestion,so that the secular aesthetic return to the general public well-being,and promote the integration of aesthetics and everyday life,while increase the commercialization of aesthetic,cynicism and hypocrisy doctrine.Facing the double crisis exposed by the modern aesthetics and post-modern aesthetics,Marxism aesthetics,on the one hand,emphasize the popularization rather than generalization of the aesthetic,on the other hand,interpret the value and significance of the aesthetic ideal for human beings.