元杂剧中的寡母形象探析

Analysis of the Image of the Widowed Mother in Yuan Dramas

元杂剧通常被分类为爱情剧、社会公案剧、家庭剧、神仙道化剧等,而大量的家庭剧和爱情剧之中,常常出现这样一种配角人物——丧夫、无亲无故且带着子女的老妇人角色。这类女性的形象,可以称之为"寡母"。她们的形象无论是在人物语言上、身世遭遇上、性格特点上甚至剧情线索的发展上都呈现出种种类型化的特点。通过分析考察这类角色在作品中的表现形式,可帮助我们从侧面认识作者在传统文化背景下的一种创作心态,也有助于理解当时社会关于这类女性的认识状况。

Yuan dramas are usually classified into affectional drama, social drama, family drama, immortal drama, etc. In a lot of family and affectional dramas, a supporting role often appears-an old woman whose husband dies, has no relatives but raises children. They are called ＂widowed mother＂. They show obvious characteristics of stereotype, both in the language of the characters, lifestyle, even the development of drama clues. The analysis of this kind of role in the works can help us to know the writers＇ creative mentality in traditional culture background and the social under-standing of such women at that time.