基于土地利用变化的珠海旅游区生态服务价值研究

Ecosystem Service Value in Tourist Area Based on Land Use Change in Zhuhai

以2007年珠海市旅游区为研究区域,通过ArcGIS技术,将旅游区分布图和珠海市土地利用现状图(1996年和2007年)叠加,得到研究区域两期土地利用数据。用土地利用动态度模型分析了珠海旅游区1996-2007年土地利用变化情况;参考Costanza和谢高地中国生态系统服务价值当量因子表(2007年),得出珠海市生态系统服务价值表,据此计算1996-2007年珠海旅游区的生态系统服务价值净损失1 639.68万元,进一步分析了旅游区土地利用变化对生态服务功能影响机制。尽管珠海在近年来提出以生态休闲度假为主题的旅游开发模式,但实际上并未真正体现"生态旅游"的内涵,因而其旅游区生态服务功能并没有得以维持,总体生态服务价值和各单项生态服务价值均呈现下降趋势。提出编制并实施基于"低碳、生态"开发模式的旅游区土地利用总体规划;加强低碳基础设施建设,降低旅游建设用地对生态服务价值的负面影响;改变旅游土地开发模式,提升生态旅游产品的内涵和服务品质,形成良性的有利于旅游地生态服务功能得以维持和不断改善的旅游市场环境等建议及具体措施。

In this paper,the region of Zhuhai tourist area（2007） was studied using the ArcGIS technology,by overlaying and matching the distribution of tourist area and land-use maps（1996,2007）,and the land use of the tourist area were obtained in Zhuhai in 1996 and 2007.Referencing the coefficient of ecosystem service value proposed by Costanza and Xie Gaodi（2007）,the revised coefficient of ecosystem service value of Zhuhai was used to quantitatively study on land use ecosystem service value in tourist area in Zhuhai.And coefficient of responsivity model was applied to analysis the responsivity of ecosystem service value to each kind of land transformation for construction land.The result indicated that the ecosystem services value loses 16 396 800 Yuan in Zhuhai tourist area from 1996 to 2007.The mechanism of land use change effects on ecosystem services in tourist area was further analyzed.The result stated that although under the theme of ecological tourism leisure-led development model,the ＂ecological tourism＂ meaning had not really reflected in recent years,so the results showed the ecosystem services were not maintained.Total value and the individual value of ecosystem services showed a downward trend.Suggestion and specific measures were proposed as follows： establishing and implementing the land use planning of development pattern based on ＂the low-carbon,the ecology＂ in tourist area;strengthening low-carbon infrastructural facilities to reduce the negative influence of the traveling construction land to ecology service value;changing traveling land development pattern and promoting eco-tourism product connotation and service quality so as to form tourist market environment that is advantageous to maintain and continuously improve ecosystem services.The method of accessing to land use data in tourist areas can provide a reference for other research.The Zhuhai′s ecosystem service value coefficient from research is not only suitable for the Zhuhai′s tourist area ecology service function estimation,but also suitable for the non-tourist area.