新农村背景下理顺农村“两委”关系的主要路径选择

On the Main Route Choice to Rationalize New Countryside Rural“Two Committees”

村民自治是人民公社制度解体后为填补土地集体所有者主体缺位而产生的乡村新型组织形式，推行至今已经20多年，由于法律和制度规定模糊，实际运行中出现了“两委”关系不顺、运行机制不规范等问题，主要表现为村委会主任和支部书记争权力大小、村委会与村党支部两套领导班子不舍、由于宗族、派性的渗入而导致村委会和乡镇政府管理权力的冲突等三种类型。为解决这些问题，有的地方探索出“三配套”、村“两委”成员交叉任职、“两委合一”、“两票制”等实践模式。这些模式并不能从根本上理顺村“两委”及其与乡镇政府的权力运行关系。在新农村建设背景下，要想保证村民自治的规范化运行，除了相关的法律和制度调整，还要进一步明确乡镇政府的职能定位，转变乡镇政府的观念和工作方式。

Villagers autonomy, a newly - type rural organizational form caused to fill the main body vacancy of the collective ownership of land after the disintegration of the people＇s commune system, has been implemented for more than twenty years. Because the law and the regulation＇s vagueness, on the process of implementing there appeared some problems such as the discordant relationship between ＂Two Committees＂ and irregular operating mecha- nism, mainly embodying in the following three aspects： beth the director and the Party Branch secretary of the village committee struggling for the power, Village Committee and Village Communist Party being disharmonious, the managerial power between Village Committee and town government conflicting because of the infiltration of religious and fac- tionalism. To solve these problems, some local practice models as the ＂Three Matching＂, village ＂Two Committee＂ members cross-serve, ＂Two Committees to One＂, ＂Two-vote System＂ have been explored. However these models can not fundamentally rationalize the power operating relationship between the village ＂Two Committees＂ and the town government. On the background of the new countryside construction, in order to ensure villagers＂ self-standardized operation, the relevant laws and regulations should be adjusted, at the same time the town government＇s function location should be farther definite, the concept of the town government and the working ways should be changed as well.