“面海的中国”与中国的现代化(上)——关于中国现代化历史内在结构与运行轨迹的思考

"Coastal China" and Its Modernization——The Internal Structure of China's Modernization and Its Development Track

"西方冲击—中国反应"的中国现代化模式受到越来越多的质疑,不仅大量的历史研究已经打破支持该理论的"中国社会长期停滞论",而且中国作为另一种文明形态,有自己现代化的独特的形式与道路,不能套用西方的"语法"。如果把现代化理解为人类自我解放的历程,那么中国的现代化在晚明时代就已经开始。其中以江南越地为核心的启蒙思想谱系构成了一条思想主线。它渊源于中华文化内部海洋型的江南文化(其中越文化具有母文化的性质)与内陆型的西北—中原文化冲突与融合的结果。特别是宋以后这两种文化的冲突与融合日益构成中国近代化的历史主线。因而中国的现代化过程也可以理解为"面海的中国"(东南沿海)的海洋—工商文化的"小传统"(次要传统)冲击农业—官僚政治文化的"大传统"(主要传统),并日益从边缘走向中心,影响中国的过程。

The Chinese model of modernization,i.e.,＂China＇s response to the impact of the West＂,encounters more and more questions.A wide range of researches concerned have broken the ＂long-term stagnation of the Chinese society＂ once supported by this theory.As another form of civilization,China embraces its own unique form and road to modernization,without the necessity of copying the Western experience.If it is viewed as the course of human self-liberation,China＇s modernization began in the late Ming Dynasty,with the enlightenment pedigree centered on Shaoxing in Jiangnan（South China） as its motif.It originates from the marine-based Jiangnan culture with Yue culture as its native culture and comes into existence after the conflicts and integration with the inland-based Northwest-Central Plains culture.Since the Song Dynasty,the constant conflicts and the growing integration of the two cultures have constituted the main line of modernization history.It follows that China＇s modernization process can thus be interpreted as ＂the little tradition＂（secondary tradition） of ocean-trade culture in ＂coastal China＂（on the southeastern coast） impacting ＂the great tradition＂（major tradition） of agriculture-bureaucracy culture,gradually developing from periphery to center,and ultimately influencing the whole country.