魏晋南北朝文艺“概括描述”批评法述论

Critical Review ofGeneral Descriptionof Literature in Wei Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties

以极其简约的词语来概括描述人物、事物及诗、乐、文章的特点、风格,是先秦以来的传统,至汉末魏晋时,在人物品评中盛行。受其影响,魏晋南北朝时期的文学和书画批评都采用了此法。在文学批评中,主要是对作家、作品和某个时代文学的风格特征以及某种文体的主要特点进行概括描述;而在书画批评中,则仅限于对书画家及其作品的概括描述。"概括描述"批评法是一种印象式批评,它言简意赅,生动传神,能引发读者的美感联想,但也具有概括难以全面、读者难以确切把握其内涵等缺陷。魏晋南北朝以后,这种批评方法在文艺批评中运用非常广泛,直至于今。

It has been the tradition since Pre - qin dynasty to use the most concise words to generalize the features of persons, things, poems, music and essays, and it had been prevailing in person evaluation to the Wei Jin of the later Han dynasty. Under its influence, this method was adopted in the literary and handwriting and drawing criticism in Wei Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties. In literary criticism, emphasis was mainly put on the stylistic features of the author and works and the main features of certain literary styles in a certain period while in the handwriting and drawing criticism emphasis was only put on the painters and their works of art. The criticism of ＂general description＂ is impressive, concise and vivid, which probably stimulated the reader＇s aesthetic imagination, but its generation is not full and readers could not easily master its connotation. After Wei Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties, this criticism has been widely used in the literary criticism to this day; literary criticism.