福建雨季暴雨及台风暴雨诱发地质灾害的研究

Research on geological disasters caused by monsoon rainstorm and typhoon rainstorm in Fujian province

以1990～2006年发生地质灾害为例,运用实证研究法,通过天气、气候学的分析和数理统计处理,揭示了福建重度地质灾害和严重地质灾害的时空分布规律;给出了不同天气系统暴雨所致地质灾害的基础雨量与触发雨量;对比分析了雨季暴雨、台风暴雨诱发严重地质灾害的实例。研究表明,福建地质灾害以滑坡为主(80.5%),崩塌为次(15.5%),泥石流较少(4%)。时空分布特点6月份为高峰期,内陆的南平和三明是频发区,对应天气系统是雨季的梅雨锋;8月份为次峰期,沿海的漳州和泉州是频发区,对应天气系统是台风。地质灾害对暴雨的滞后期,雨季期长,台风期短,其基础雨量台风雨小于锋面雨,而临近触发雨量则相反,台风雨大于锋面雨。

Based on the geological disasters occurred during 1990 - 2006, this paper, using empirical research approach, reveals the rule of temporal and spatial distribution of the severe geological disasters in Fujian province through synoptic climatology analysis and statistical study. It also calculates the basic rainfall and triggered rainfall during the rainstorm which cause geological disasters in different weather systems, and analyses the examples of geological disasters evoked by monsoon rainstorm and typhoon rainstorm respectively. Our research shows that the main types of geological disasters in Fujian are landslide, collapse and debris flow which account for 80.4%, 15.5% and 4% respectively. The features of the temporal and spatial distribution of geological disasters in Fujian can he described as follows, the Peak Time is in June, The Most Frequent Areas are Nanping and Sanming, two inland regions, and the corresponding weather system is Mei-yu Front. the Secondary Peak Time is in August, with two coastal regions Zhangzhou and Quanzhou as the Frequent Areas, and Typhoon as the corresponding weather system. During a monsoon rainy season, the Lag Phase between rainstorm and geological disasters is longer, the Basic Rainfall is more and the Triggered Rainfall is less than in a typhoon rainy season.