日照市消除白喉免疫与监测效果评价

Effect Evaluation on Immunity and Surveillance of Diphtheria Elimination in Rizhao City

目的评价日照市免疫预防消除白喉的效果。方法利用描述性流行病学的方法,对日照市1951年以来白喉流行病学特征和采取的预防控制策略进行分析。结果日照市自1951年以来共报告白喉病例4136例,死亡247例,平均年发病率:1951—1959年为3.80/10万,病死率为10.27%;1960—1969年为20.35/10万,病死率5.12%;1970—1979年为0.38/10万,病死率为12.94%,末例病例为1977年。日照市自1960、1970年相继开展了白喉百日咳联合疫苗(DP)和百日咳白喉破伤风联合疫苗(DTwP)接种,自1986年以来,免疫接种率始终保持在90%以上,免疫成功率年均90%以上,39岁以下健康人群白喉免疫保护率93.54%,带菌率调查为零。结论高覆盖率和高质量的免疫接种率是消除白喉的根本措施,开展有效的监测是消除白喉的重要策略。

[ Objective] To evaluate the effect of immunoprophylaxis on elimination of diphtheria. [ Methods] With descriptive epidemiology methods, the epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria and prevention and control strategy in Rizhao since 1951were analyzed. [Results]Since 1951, 4136 cases of diphtheria were reported in Rizhao, and there were 247 death cases. During 1951 - 1959, the average annual morbidity was 3.80/lakh, and the fatality rate was d 10.27%. During 1960 - 1969, the average annual morbidity and fatality rate was 20.35/lakh and 5.12% respectively. During 1970 - 1979, the average annual morbidity and fatality rate was 0.38/lakh and 12.94% respectively. The latest case was reported in 1977. The immunization with DP （ diphtheria and pertussis） vaccine was carried out in Rizhao since 1960, and the immunization with DTwP [diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis ） vaccine was carried out in Rizhao since 1970. Since 1986, the immunization coverage rate was always above 90%, the annu- M immune successful rate reached 90%, the immune protective rate of diphtheria among healthy population under 30 years old was 93.54%, and the carrier rate was 0. [ Conclusion] The high coverage rate and high quality of immunization coverage rate are the essential measures for elimination of diphtheria, and effective surveillance is the important strategy of diphtheria elimination.